Manuscript Preparation

Abstract
The abstract should be about 200－250 words that present the objective of the manuscript, methods, main results, and conclusion.
It should be written as one paragraph, without descriptive words or citations.

Keywords
Please provide 5 to 8 keywords that can describe the manuscript for indexing.

Introduction
Provide a brief introduction to the problem.
Include one or two paragraphs about relevant related work.

 Materials and Methods
Describe all procedures thoroughly to allow replication. If multiple methods are included, divide this section into subsections.

Results and Discussion
This section can be combined or separated with subheadings, depending on the content.

Conclusions
Summarize key conclusions, highlighting the significance and present the future work if possible.

References
Qaiwan Journal of Science uses IEEE style. It is recommended to use EndNote or Mendeley to manage and generate the references.

Preparation of Figures
Submit all figures and tables within the manuscript file. Figures should be in bitmap formats (e.g., TIF, GIF, JPEG, EPS) with at least 300 dpi resolution unless a lower resolution is justified. Labels should be embedded in separate layers if applicable.

Preparation of Tables
Tables must be cited sequentially in the text and include descriptive titles. Include units in column headings for numerical data. Avoid vertical lines.

Equations
Number all equations sequentially throughout the text.

Cover Letter Structure
Authors and Affiliations
Provide details of all authors during submission, including emails, affiliations, Phone number, ORCID numbers, and other relevant information.

• Highlights
• Author Contribution
• Data Availability
• Conflicts of Interest
• Funding Statement
• Acknowledgments